Listen carefully. The top level of the OSI Reference Model and the IETF protocol stack is the application layer. The application layer, however, doesn’t do applications. It provides services such as ...

The technology provides secure remote access to a broad spectrum of applications and network resources Application-layer VPNs are generating lots of attention these days. Proponents cite the ...

The latest Internet defense technology – deep packet inspection firewalls – is being touted as the best line of defense against worms that can sneak past earlier technology to wreak havoc in corporate ...

Application layer attacks have been with us since the first internet-facing applications. However, a recent survey showed 89% of respondents admitted to an application attack in the past year.

The purpose of the network layer is to help route messages between different local networks. Central to this layer is the concept of exclusive network addresses, where every terminal connected to the ...

At the core of blockchain networks lies a fundamental architectural principle called layering. Layering in blockchain refers to organizing different functionalities and protocols into separate layers, ...

The exposure of the application layer to the outside world makes it a prime target for a cyber attack. The application layer – layer 7 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications model – ...