Biologists like to say that reproduction is the ultimate investment, a costly gamble that shapes everything from lifespan to ...
A new study shows there is a high cost of parenthood, quantifying the 10% “longevity tax” on reproduction. Consequently, mammals that have fewer or no offspring tend to live longer. But why does ...
The energy invested in animal reproduction is as much as 10 times greater than previously estimated when the metabolic load of bearing and caring for offspring is accounted for, according to a new ...