Earth system box models are essential tools for reconstructing long-term climatic and environmental evolution and uncovering ...

Scientists have understood for years that silicate minerals react with CO 2 and water to remove CO 2 from the atmosphere, acting as a thermostat that kept Earth’s climate broadly stable over billions ...

For many hundreds of millions of years, the average temperature at the surface of the Earth has varied by not much more than 20 degrees Celsius, facilitating life on our planet. To maintain such ...